References for Life
Expectancy Calculator [See Notes]
|
No |
Data Title |
Author / Source |
Notes |
|
US 1991, Age Nearest, White Male |
National Center for Health Statistics; Vital statistics of the United States, 1991; vol ii, sec 6 life tables Table 6-2 |
The life table is actually used is derived from this source. The derived life table is then contributed by Roger Scott Lumsden to the Society of Actuaries. The life table gives data for ages 0 to 84 and is accurate to 5 decimal places. |
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|
US (SSA AS 107) 1990, Age Nearest, Male |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Office of the Actuary; SSA Pub. No. 11-11536 |
The life table is actually used is derived from this source. The derived life table is then contributed by Roger Scott Lumsden to the Society of Actuaries. The life table gives data for ages 0 to 119 and is accurate to 6 decimal places. Only data for ages 85 to 199 is used. |
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|
Deaths: Final Data for 1996 |
National Center for Health Statistics; National Vital Statistics Report, Vol 47, No 9 |
This document contains data on the number of deaths in the United States for the year 1996 segregated by sex, age, race and causes of death. The 10 most important causes of death for each sex and age group are used. Furthermore, cancer deaths are subdivided by the different types of cancer, for a total of approximately 20 causes. |
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|
Body Height, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Risk of Stroke in Middle-aged Men and Women |
Njolstad, Inger et al. Circulation Vol 94, No 11, December 1, 1996 |
This paper contains the relative risks of stroke per 5cm increase in height to be 0.84 for men; and 0.73 for women. These values are adjusted for age, ethnic group, systolic blood pressure, smoking, body mass index, cholesterol level, triglycerides, glucose, diabetes diagnosis and treated hypertension. |
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|
Inverse Relation Between Height and Cardiovascular Mortality in Men During 30-Year Follow-Up |
Strandberg, T American Journal of Cardiology, August 1 1997 |
This paper contains the relative risks of cardiovascular diseases and cancer per 5cm increase in height for men to be 0.82 and 0.93 respectively. These values are adjusted for age, weight, smoking, systolic blood pressure and cholesterol level. |
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|
Body Mass Index and Mortality in a General Population Sample of Men and Women |
Dorn, J et al. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 146, No 11, 1997 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of cancer and heart diseases for both men and women segregated by quartiles of body mass index. These values given are adjusted for age, education and smoking. |
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|
Self Reported Poor Health and Low Educational Level Predictors for Mortality: A Population Based Follow Up Study of 39156 People in Sweden |
Sundquist, J and Johansson, S Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1997; 51: 35-40 |
This paper contains un-normalized all-cause relative risks segregated by 3 categories of attained education: <= 9 years; 10 to 11 years; and >11 years. Two sets of values are given: for ages 25 to 59; and for ages 60 to 74. But only values for ages 25 to 59 are used as they would represent the general population better and would more accurately reflect today's educational development. The values are adjusted for age and sex. |
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|
Effects of Marital Status on the Risk of Mortality in Poor and Non-Poor Neighborhoods |
Smith, K and Waitzman, N Annals of Epidemiology 7(5) July 1997 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of cardiovascular diseases and cancer segregated by marital status. Data was given for both males and females; poor and non-poor neighborhods; and ages less than 55 and more than 55. These data are adjusted for age, race, alcohol consumption, cholesterol level, hypertension, body mass index, baseline health, education, smoking status, physical exercise, and household-level poverty. |
|
|
Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality |
Blair, S et al. JAMA, November 3 1989- Vol 262, No. 17 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of cardiovascular diseases and cancer segregated by quintiles of fitness. These values are adjusted for age. |
|
|
Family History of Heart Attack: A Modifiable Risk Factor? |
Khaw, K and Barrett, E Circulation Vol 74, No 2, August 1986 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of cardiovascular diseases segregated by family history of heart attacks. Data was given for both men and women; and ages less than 60 and more than 60. The values for women are not statistically significant. These values are adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, body mass index, smoking, and history of diabetes. |
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|
Famaly History and Risk of Fatal Prostate Cancer |
Rodriguez, C et al. Epidemiology, November 1997, Vol 8, No 6 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of prostate cancer for men segregated by family history of prostate cancer. These values are adjusted for age, race, years of education, body mass index, physical activity, intake of vegetables and fat, smoking, and previous vasectomy. |
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|
Influence of a Family History of Cancer Within and Across Multiple Sites on Patterns of Cancer Mortality Risk for Women |
Poole, C et al American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 149, No 5, 1999 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of various cancers for women segregated by family history of breast, colorectal, ovary, lung, pancreas, and stomach cancer. These values are adjusted for age, number of brothers, number of sisters, race, education, smoking, body mass index, age that menses began, number of pregnancies, and age at first pregnancy. |
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Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Black and White Americans |
Harris, M Diabetes / Metabolism Reviews, Vol 6, No 2, 71-90, 1990 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of diabetes segregated by family history of diabetes. Data for both whites and blacks are given. These values are adjusted for age. |
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|
Family History of Stroke as an Independent Predictor of Ishemic Heart Disease in Men and Stroke in Women |
Khaw, K and Barrett, E American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 123, No 1, 1986 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of stroke segregated by family history of stroke. Data for both men and women are given. Only values for women are statistically significant. These values are adjusted for age. |
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|
Deaths Resulting from Firearm- and Motor-Vehicle-Related Injuries- United States, 1968-1991 |
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, January 28 1994, Vol 43, No 3 |
This paper contains rates of firearm-related deaths segregated by the 50 states and District of Columbia. |
|
|
AIDS Clinical Review 1997/1998 |
Volberding, P and Jacobson, M Marcel Dekker, Inc |
This contains the average survival period after diagnosis of AIDS to be at 27 months; and that 97% of persons diagnosed with AIDS actually die of AIDS related diseases. |
|
|
Risk of Suicide Among Persons With AIDS |
Cote, T et al. JAMA, October 21, 1992- Vol 268, No 15 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of suicide segregated by race. These values are adjusted for age. |
|
|
The Effects on Survival of Early Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection |
Graham, N et al. The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol 326, April 16 1992, No 16 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of all-cause mortality segregated by use of AZT and PCP Prophylaxis. Data for 24-month follow up instead of 6-,12-, and 18-month follow-up is used. As it is closest to the 27 month expected survival period of a person diagnosed with AIDS. These values are adjusted for starting state of the disease and correlation of values from multiple observations for the individual participants. |
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|
Mortality in Adults with Self-Reported Asthma |
Lange, P et al. The Lancet. Vol 347, May 11 1996 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of COPD, cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer segregated by self-reported asthma. These values are adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and education. |
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Mortality in Adults With and Without Diabetes in a National Cohort of the U.S. Population, 1971-1993 |
Gu, K et al Diabetes Care, Vol 21, No 7, July 1998 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of diabetes, heart diseases, stroke and pneumonia/influenza segregated by diabetes diagnosis. Data for both men and women are given. These values are adjusted for age. |
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|
Colorectal Cancer: Another Complication of Diabetes Mellitus? |
Will, J et al. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 147, No 9. 1998 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of colorectal cancer segregated by diabetes diagnosis. Data for both men and women are given. These values are adjusted for age, race, education, family history of colon market, body mass index, smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption and exercise. |
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|
Diabetes Mellitus and Pancreatic Cancer Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of United States Adults |
Calle, E et al. Cancer Causes and Control, Vol 9, 1998, pp 403-410 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of pancreatic cancer segregated by diabetes diagnosis. Data for both men and women are given. These values are adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, body mass index, family history of pancreatic cancer and education. |
|
|
Hypertension as a Risk Factor |
Roccella, E and Bowler, A Cardiovascular Clinics 20(3) 1990 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of heart diseases and stroke segregated by bands of blood pressure. Data for both men and women are given. These values are adjusted for age. |
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|
Mortality in Women and Men in Relation to Smoking |
Prescott, E et al. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1998, 27:27-32 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of heart diseases, stroke and cancer segregated by smoking status. Data for both men and women are given. These values are adjusted for age. |
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|
Cancer Mortality in Nonsmoking Women with Smoking Husbands on a Large Scale Cohort Study in Japan |
Hirayama, T Preventive Medicine 13, 680-690, 1984 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of lung cancer segregated by smoking status of the spouse. These risks are applicable to non-smoking individuals only. Data for both men and women are given. These values are adjusted for age. |
|
|
Alcohol Consumption and Mortality Among Middle-Aged and Elderly U.S. Adults |
Thun, M et al. The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol 337, December 11 1997, No 24 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of cirrhosis, alcohol related cancers (mouth, esophagus, pharynx, larynx), heart diseases and stroke segregated by alcohol consumption. Data for both men and women are given. These data are adjusted for age, race, education, body mass index, smoking, fat consumption, marital status, employment, and physical activity. |
|
|
Are Female Drivers Safer? An Application of the Decomposition Method |
Li, G et al. Epidemiology, July 1998, Vol 9, No 4 |
This paper contains data on number of fatal crashes per million person miles of driving segregated by age bands of the driver. Data for both men and women are given. |
|
|
Unsafe Driving Behaviors and Hospitalization |
Tuinen, M Missouri Medicine, Vol 91, No 4, April 1994 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risk for motor accidents segregated by types of driving behaviors (speeding, use of safety belts, driving while intoxicated). |
|
|
Stressful Life Events, Social Support, and Mortality in Men Born in 1933 |
Rosengren, A et al. British Medical Journal, Vol 307, 30 October 1993 |
This paper contains un-normalized all-cause relative risk segregated by number of stressful events from a list of 10 events that happened to an individual over the past 12 months. These values are adjusted for smoking, emotional support and self perceived health. |
|
|
Relationship of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Mortality |
Kujala, U et al. JAMA, February 11 1998- Vol 279, No 6 |
This paper contains un-normalized all-cause relative risk segregated by degree of physical activity. These values are adjusted for age, sex, smoking, occupational group and alcohol consumption. |
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|
Occupational Injury Mortality Rates in the United States from 1980 to 1989 |
Stout, N et al. American Journal of Public Health, January 1996, Vol 86, No 1 |
This paper contains occupational injury death rates segregated by occupational industries. |
|
|
Lifetime Socioeconomic Position and Mortality: Prospective Observational Study |
Smith, G et al. British Medical Journal, Vol 314, 22 February 1997 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of heart diseases and cancer segregated by occupational type of the individual and his father. These values are adjusted for age, smoking, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, and body mass index. |
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|
Dietary Diversity and Subsequent Mortality in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study |
Kant, A et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1993, 57:434-40 |
This paper contains un-normalized all-cause relative risk segregated by amount of diversity in the diet in the past 24 hours. These values are adjusted for age, race, education, smoking status, and dietary fiber intake. |
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|
Relationship Between Eating Patterns Meeting Recommendations and Subsequent Mortality in 20 Years |
Farchi, G et al. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1995, 49:408-419 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of heart diseases and cancer segregated by compliance to World Health Organization's recommendation of fat intake. These value are adjusted for age. |
|
|
Mortality in Severe Depression |
Berglund, M and Nilsson, K Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1987, 76:372-380 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of suicide segregated by depression status. Data for both men and women are available. |
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|
Symptoms of Depression, Acute Myocardial Infarcation, and Total Mortality in a Community Sample |
Barefoot, J and Schroll, M Circulation 93(11) 1996 June 1 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of heart attacks segregated by depression status. These values are adjusted for age, sex systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, smoking, sedentary work, and sedentary leisure. |
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|
Depressive Symptoms and Increased Risk of Stroke Mortality Over a 29-Year Period |
Everson, S et al. Arch Intern Med. 1998, 158:1133-1138 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of stroke segregated by depression status. These values are adjusted for age, sex, race, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes. |
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|
Trends in Sexual Risk Behaviors Among High School Students- United States, 1991-1997 |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, September 18 1998, Vol 47, No 36 |
This paper contains rates of condom use among males and female adolescents. (62.5% for males; and 50.8% for females) |
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|
Number of Sexual Partners and Potential Risk of Sexual Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, September 23 1998, Vol 37, No 37 |
This paper contains the mean number of sexual partner among males and females in the past 12 months. (1.354 for males and 0.848 for females) |
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|
Condom Use and Transmission Risk |
Cohen, P et al The AIDS Knowledge Base at http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/akb/1997/index.html |
This paper contains the data for the effectiveness of condom in preventing the transmission of HIV infection. (69%) |
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|
Short and Long Sleep and Sleeping Pills |
Kripke, D et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry, Vol 36, Jan 1979 |
This paper contains un-normalized relative risks of heart diseases, cancer, stroke and suicide segregated by hours of daily sleep. Data for both men and women are given. |
References for Data not Used in Life
Expectancy Calculator
|
No |
Data Title |
Author / Source |
Notes |
|
1 |
Does Income Affect Mortality? An analysis of the Effects of Different Types of Income on Age/Sex/Race-Specific Mortality Rates in the United States |
Hadley, J and Osei, A Medical Care, September 1982, Vol XX, No 9 |
The data is too old to be used as income in this country has changed significantly in the last 20 years. Otherwise, has good data for mortality due to income. |
|
2 |
Marital Status and Mortality: The Role of Health |
Lillard, L and Panis, C Demography, Vol 33, No 3 August 1996: 313-327 |
Mainly explores the relationship between health and marriage. |
|
3 |
Physical Fitness and Mortality |
Blair, S et al. The Journal of Family Practice, Vol 41. No 3, September 1995 |
Short follow-up period (mean 5.1 years) ; all-cause mortality data |
|
4 |
Influences of Cardiorespitory Fitness and Other Precursors on Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Men and Women |
Blair, S et al. JAMA, July 17 1996, Vol 276, No 3 |
Only gave data for least fit quintile. |
|
5 |
Impaired Chronotropic Response to Exercise Stress Testing as a Predictor of Mortality |
Lauer, M et al. JAMA, February 10 1999, Vol 281, No 6 |
Data does not exactly relate to fitness. |
|
6 |
Gender Differences in Use of Stress Testing and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality: A Population-Based Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. |
Roger, V et al. Journal of American College of Cardiology, Vol 32, No 2, August 1998: 345:352 |
Data does not exactly relate to fitness |
|
7 |
Physical Fitness as a predictor of Cardiovascular Mortality in Asymptomic North American Men |
Ekelund, L et al. New England Journal of Medicine, Vol 319, No 21, 1988 |
Small sample size; only men; only cardiovascular diseases. |
|
8 |
Family History of Coronary Heart Disease and Pre-Clinical Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in African Americans and Whites: The ARIC Study |
Bensen, J et al. Genetic Epidemiology, 16:165-178, 1999 |
Too complex a way of working out Family History. Does not exactly gives relative risk. |
|
9 |
Family History Score as a Predictor of Breast Cancer Mortality: Prospective Data from the Cancer Prevention Study II, United States, 1982-1991 |
Yang, Q et al. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 147, No 7, 1998 |
Too complex a way of working out Family History. Otherwise, pretty good data. |
|
10 |
Family History of Cancer and Mortality Among Patients Gastrectomized Because of Benign Gastric Diseases |
Shibata, A Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol 87: 37-41, 1990 |
Non-general sample. |
|
11 |
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Family History and Breast Cancer Risk |
Slattery, M and Kerber, R JAMA, October 6 1993, Vol 270, No 13 |
Too complex a way of working out Family History. |
|
12 |
Family History of Breast Cancer as a Predictor for Fatal Prostate Cancer |
Rodriguez, C et al. Epidemiology, September 1998, Vol 9, No 5. |
Pretty good data, but limited to Prostate and breast cancer. |
|
13 |
Family History of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease risk factors and Mortality Among Euglycemic, Borderline HyperGlycemic, and Diabetic Adults. |
Wingard, D and Barrett, E American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 215, No 6, 1987 |
Non-general sample. |
|
14 |
Family History of Coronary Heart Disease is a Strong Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease Morbidity and Mortality Than Family History of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. |
Kekalainen, P et al. Atheroscerosis 123, 1996, 203-213 |
Small sample. Non-general sample? |
|
15 |
Characteristics of Stroke Victims Associated with Early Cardiovascular Mortality in Their Children |
Howard, G et al. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Vol 43, No 1, 1990 |
Does not give relative risk. |
|
16 |
Three-Area Epidemiological Study of Geographic Differences in Stroke Mortality |
Nefzger, M et al. American Journal of Epidemiology, May 1 1998, Vol 147, No 9 |
Three specific areas studied- non-general sample. |
|
17 |
Projecting the Impact of AIDS in Mortality |
Stover, J and Way, P AIDS 1998, Vol 12, Supplement 1 |
Does not deal with risks. |
|
18 |
Mild Cognitive Impairment and Risk of Mortality in HIV-1 Infection |
Wilkie, F et al. Journal of Neuropsychaitry, Vol 10, No 2, Spring 1998 |
Non-general sample. |
|
19 |
Survival and Mortality of an Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Cohort in New York |
Chang, H et al. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 138, No 5, 1993 |
Out-dated data on survival time. |
|
20 |
Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer |
Sandler, R Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, Vol 25, No 4, December 1996 |
Does not give specific values for risk factors. |
|
21 |
Competing Mortality and Progress against Cancer |
Rothenberg, R Epidemiology, March 1994, Vol 5, No 2 |
Does not deal with risks. |
|
22 |
The Epidemiology of Lung Cancer in Women |
Ernster, V Annals of Epidemiology, March 1994, Vol 4, No 2 |
Only deals with females. |
|
23 |
Cholesterol, Cancer, and Public Health Policy |
Sidney, S and Farquhar, J The American Journal of Medicine, September 1983, Vol 75 |
Does not give relative risks. |
|
24 |
Risk Factors for Asthmatic Patients Requiring Intubation. I. Observations in Children |
LeSon, S and Gershwin, E Journal of Asthma, Vol 32, No 4, 1995 |
Non-general sample. Does not deal with mortality. |
|
25 |
Mortality From Asthma |
Sly, M Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, October 1989 |
Risk factors evaluated are unusual. Small sample. |
|
26 |
Do Patients With Severe Asthma Run an Increased Risk From Ischaemic Heart Disease? |
Toren, K and Lindholm, N International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 25, No 3 |
Only relates to severe asthma; thus very drastic figures |
|
27 |
Mortality of Adults with Asthma: a Prospective Cohort Study |
Huovinen, E Thorax, 1997, 52: 49-54 |
Finnish population, drastic figures. |
|
28 |
Impact of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Cononary Heart Disease and Mortality Among Middle Aged Diabetic Men: a General Population Study |
Rosengren, A et al. British Medical Journal, Vol 299, 4 November 1989 |
Data only for men. |
|
29 |
Sex Differential in Ishemic Heart Disease Mortality in Diabetics: A Prospective Population-Based Study |
Barrett, E and Wingard, D American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 118, No 4, 1983 |
Data only for ishemic heart disease. |
|
30 |
Given Diabetes, Is Fat Better Than Thin? |
Ross, C et al. Diabetes Care, Vol 20, No 4, April 1997 |
Non-general sample; concerns interaction of risk factors. |
|
31 |
Diabetes Mellitus: An Independent Risk Factor for Stroke? |
Barrett, E and Khaw, K American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 128, No 1 |
Data only for stroke. |
|
32 |
Identifying Patient Populations at High Risk for Stroke |
Sacco, R Neurology, 1998 Vol 51, Supplement 3 |
No specific relative risk. |
|
33 |
Association Between Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in Schoolboys and Adult Mortality Rates in the Same Localities |
Freeman, W et al. Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 1990, Vol 65: 78-83 |
No specific relative risk. |
|
34 |
Cardiovascular risk Factors, Premature Heart Disease, and All-cause Mortality in a Cohort of Nothern Californian Women |
Perlman, J et al. American Journal of Obstetricst and Gynecology, Vol 158, No 6, Part 2, June 1988 |
Drastic all-cause figures. |
|
35 |
Low Blood Pressure and Mortality in the Elderly: A 6-Year Follow-up of 18022 Norwegian Men and Women Age 65 Years and Older |
Vatten, L et al. Epidemiology, 1995, Vol 6: 70--73 |
All-cause figures. |
|
36 |
Blood Pressure and mortality in Healthy Old People: the r Shaped Curve |
Starr, J et al. British Medical Journal, 1996, Vol 313: 1243-4 |
Only 3 bands of systolic blood pressure. |
|
37 |
Letter |
Merlo et al. The Lancet, Vol 345, June 3 1995 |
Does not give specific relative risks |
|
38 |
Systolic Blood Pressure, Isolated Systolic Hypertension and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, Strokes, Cardiovascular Diseaseand All-cause Mortality in the Middle-Aged Population |
Antikainen, R et al Journal of Hypertension, May 1998, Vol 16, No 5 |
Uniform monotonic relationship assumed. |
|
39 |
Achived Status as a Risk Factor in Epidemiology |
Graham, S and Graham, R American Journal of Epidemiology, October 1985, Vol 122, No 4 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
40 |
Social Class and Mortality in Occupational Class |
Leon, D et al American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 22: 141-142, 1992 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
41 |
Re: Social Class and Mortality in Occupational Cohorts |
Greenberg, M American Journal if Industrial Medicine, 22: 139-140, 1992 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
42 |
Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behavios, and Mortality |
Lantz, P et al. JAMA, June 3 1998, Vol 279, No 21 |
Drastic all-cause figures |
|
43 |
Social Patterning of Medical Mortality in Youth and Early Adulthood |
Blane, D et al. Social Science Medicine, Vol 39, No 3: 361-366, 1994 |
No positive result |
|
44 |
The Disadvantage of Being Advantaged?- on a Social Gradient in Excess Mortality Among Alcohol Abusers |
Rossow, I and Amudsen, A Addiction, 1996, Vol 91, No 12: 1821-1829 |
Non-general sample |
|
45 |
Socio-Economic Status as a Coronary Risk Factor: the Oslo Study |
Holme, I et al. Acta Medica Scandinavica, Supplementum 660: 147-151, 1982 |
Outdated and non-US data |
|
46 |
Social Differences in Sexual Behavior and Cervical Cancer |
Sanjose, S et al. IARC Scientific Publication No. 138, 1997 |
Does not pertain to US |
|
47 |
Social Risk Factors for the Mortality From Motor Vehicle Accident |
Araki, S and Murata, K Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1986, Vol 149: 379-387 |
Outdated and non-US data |
|
48 |
The Relationship Between Body Weight and Mortality: a Quantitative Analysis of Combined Information From Existing Studies |
Troiano, R et al. International Journal of Obesity, 1996, Vol 20: 63-75 |
Only all-cause available |
|
49 |
Assessment of Excess Mortality in Obesity |
Bender, R et al. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 147, No 1, 1998 |
All-cause and non-US |
|
50 |
Modification of the relationship Between the Quetlet Index and Mortality by Weight-Loss History Among Older Women |
Rumpel, C et al. Annals of Epidemiology, Vol 3, No 4, July 1993, 343-350 |
Deals with weight loss rather than strictly BMI |
|
51 |
Hypothesis Concerning the U-Shaped Relation Between Body Mass Index and Mortality |
Allison, D et al. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 146, No 4, 1997 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
52 |
An Overview of Body Weight of Older Persons, Including the Impact on Mortality |
Cornoni, J et al Journal of Clinical Epidemol, Vol 44, No 8: 743-753, 1991 |
All-cause mortality |
|
53 |
Variations in Mortality by Weight Among 750,000 Men and Women |
Lew, E and Garfinkel, L Journal of Chronic Diseases, Vol 32: 563-576, 1979 |
Outdated data |
|
54 |
Weight Loss and Mortality in a National Cohort of Adults, 1971-1987 |
Pamuk, E et al. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 136, No 6, 1992 |
Deals with weight loss rather than strictly BMI |
|
55 |
The Impact of Body Mass Index of 78,612 18-Year Old Dutch Men on 32-Year Mortality From All Causes |
Hoffmans, M et al. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Vol 41, No 8: 749-756, 1988 |
All-cause mortality, men only, non-US |
|
56 |
Relationship Between Body Weight and Mortality in Men Aged 75 Years and Older |
Kinney, E and Caldwell, J Southern Medical Journal, November 1990, Vol 83, No 11 |
Non-general sample |
|
57 |
Body Weight and Mortality |
Lee, I et al. JAMA, December 15 1993, Vol 270, No 23 |
Male only |
|
58 |
Height, Weight and Mortality: the Norwegian Experience |
Waaler, H Acta Medica Scandinavica, Supplementum 679, 1984 |
Outdated and non-US |
|
59 |
The Body Mass Index- Mortality Relationship in White and African American Women |
Stevens, J et al. Obesity Research, Vol 6, No 4, July 1998 |
Women only |
|
60 |
Weight and Mortality in the Whitehall Study |
Jarrett, R et al. British Medical Journal, Vol 285, 21 August, 1982 |
Men only |
|
61 |
Body Weight and Mortality Among Women |
Evans, M and Frank, J Canadian Family Physician, Vol 43, March 1997 |
Women only |
|
62 |
Changes in Mortality From Smoking in Two American Cancer Society Prospective Studies Since 1959 |
Thun, M and Health, C Preventive Medicine, Vol 26: 422-426, 1997 |
No stratification of smokers |
|
63 |
Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer Mortality in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II |
Cardens, V et al. Cancer Causes and Control, 1997, Vol 8: 57-64, 1997 |
Stratification only for women |
|
64 |
Cigarette Smoking and Mortality |
Kuller, Lewis et al. Preventive Medicine, Vol 20: 638-654, 1991 |
Men only |
|
65 |
Mortality and Type of Cigarette Smoked |
Lee, P Journal of Epidemilogy and Community Health, 1981, Vol 35: 16-22 |
No stratification of smokers |
|
66 |
Tobacco Use and Its Contribution to Early Cancer Mortality with a Special Emphasis on Cigarette Smoking |
Shopland, D Environmental Health Perspective, Vol 103, Supplement 8, November 1995 |
Only lung cancer data given |
|
67 |
Life Expectancy in Men Who Have Never Smoked and Those who Have Smoked Continuously: 15 Year Follow Up of Large Cohort of Middle Aged British Men |
Phillips, A et al. British Medical Journal, Vol 313, 12 October 1996 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
68 |
Combined Effects of Abestos and Smoking on Mortality From Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma in Factory Workers |
Berry, G et al. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1985, Vol 42: 12-18 |
Deals with interaction of factors |
|
69 |
Role of Smoking in the U-Shaped Relation of Cholesterol to Mortality in Men |
D'Agostino, R et al. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 141, No 9 , 1995 |
Deals with interaction of factors |
|
70 |
The Epidemiology of Cigarette Smoking and Its Impact on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
Davis, R and Novotny, T American Review of Respiratory Disease, September 1989, Vol 140: S82-S84 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
71 |
Alcohol and Mortality: A Review |
Poikolainen, K Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Vol 48, No 4: 455-465, 1995 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
72 |
Meta-Analysis of Alcohol and All-Cause Mortality: A Validation of NHMRC Recommendations |
Holman, C et al. Medical Journal of Australia, 5 February 1996, Vol 164: 141-145 |
Insufficient stratification |
|
73 |
Involvement by Young Drivers in Fatal Motor-Vehicle Crashes- United States, 1988-1995 |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, December 5 1996, Vol 45, No 48 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
74 |
Female to Male Mortality Ratios for Alcohol-Related Disorders: Possible Indicator of Susceptibility in Different Sexes |
Nanji, A and French, S Advances in Alcohol & Substance Abuse, Vol 6, No 3, Spring 1987 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
75 |
Mortality in Alcohol-Related Diseases in Sweden During 1971-1980 in Relation to Occupation, Marital Status and Citizenship |
Agren, G and Romelsjo, A Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine, Vol 20, No 3 |
Does not directly concern alcohol drinking |
|
76 |
Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Alcohol Drinkers, Ex-Drinkers and Nondrinkers |
Klatsky, A et al. The American Journal of Cardiology, November 15 1990, Vol 66: 1237-1242 |
No stratification for sex |
|
77 |
Coronary Heart Disease Mortality and Alcohol Consumption in Framingham |
Friedman, L and Kimball, A American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 124, No 3, 1986 |
Data only for coronary heart disease |
|
78 |
The Impact of Mortality Salience on Reckless Driving: A Tset of Terror Management Mechanisms |
Ben-Ari, O et al. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 76, No 1: 35-45, 1999 |
Does not concern relevant risk factors |
|
79 |
Drivers With Repeat Convictions or Arrests for Driving While Impaired- United States |
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, October 21, 1994, Vol 43, No 41 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
80 |
Risky Driving Behaviors Among Teenagers- Gwinnett Country, Georgia, 1993 |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 10 1994, Vol 43, No 22 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
81 |
Young Driver Risk Taking: A Description of Dangerous Driving Situations Among 16- to 19-Year-Old Drivers |
Farrow, J The International Journal of the Addictions, Vol 22, No 2: 1255-1267, 1987 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
82 |
Psychological Stress, Cancer Incidence and Mortality From Non-Malignant Diseases |
Johansen, C and Olsen, J British Journal of Cancer, 1987, Vol 75, No 1: 144-148 |
Non-general sample, non-US |
|
83 |
Teachers, Stress and Mortality |
Herloff,B and Jarvholm, B The Lancet, January 21 1989 |
Only teachers evaluated |
|
84 |
Biological Basis of Stress-Related Mortality |
Sterling, P and Eyer J Social Science Medicine, Vol 15E: 3-42, 1981 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
85 |
Firearm Suicides and Homicides in The United States: regional Variations and Patterns of Gun Ownership |
Kaplan, M and Geling, O Social Science Medicine, Vol 46, No 9: 1227-1233, 1998 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
86 |
Homicide Rates Among US Teenager and Young Adults |
Fingerhut, L et al. JAMA, August 5 1998, Vol 280, No 5 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
87 |
Firearm Ownership in Households With Children |
Drongowski, R et al Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Vol 33, No 4: 589:593, April 1998 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
88 |
Handgun Availability and Firearm Mortality |
Wintemute, G The Lancet, November 12 1988 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
89 |
Trends in Fatal Firearm-Related Injuries, United States, 1962-1993 |
Ikeda, R et al. American Journal of Preventive Medicine,Vol 13, No 5, 1997 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
90 |
Loaded Guns in The Home |
Weil, D and Hemenway, D JAMA, June 10 1992, Vol 267, No 22 |
Does not concern mortality |
|
91 |
Exercise Intensity and Longevity in Men |
Lee, I et al. JAMA, April 19 1995, Vol 273, No 15 |
Non-general sample; all-cause |
|
92 |
Physical Activity and Its Association With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Mortality |
Mensink, G et al. Epidemiology, 1996, Vol 7: 391-397 |
Non-US data |
|
93 |
Assessment of Physical Activity by Questionnaire and Personal Interview With Particular Reference to Fitness and Coronary Mortality |
Mundal, R et al. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 1987, Vol 56: 245-252 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
94 |
The Effects of Occupation-Based Social Position on Mortality in a Large American Cohort |
Gregorio, D et al. American Journal of Public Health, September 1997, Vol 87, No 9 |
Drastic all-cause figures |
|
95 |
Asthma Mortality and Occupation in Sweden 1981-1992 |
Toren, K and Horte, L American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol 31: 678-681, 1997 |
Too specific, non-emcompasing occupational groups, non-US |
|
96 |
Cirrhosis Mortality and Occupation |
Harford, T and Brooks, S Journal of Studies on Alcohol, September 1992 |
Does not directly concern alcohol consumption |
|
97 |
Dietary Studies of Children and Young Adults (1973-1988): The Bogalusa Heart Study |
Nicklas, T The American Journal of The Medical Sciences, December 1995, Vol 310, Supplement 1 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
98 |
Diet and Coronary Heart Disease |
Jeremiah Stamler Current Topics in Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 95-114, March 1982 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
99 |
Nutrition and Lung Cancer |
Ziegler, R et al. Cancer Causes and Control, 1996, Vol 7: 157-177 |
No specific relative risks given, risks factor considered not relevant |
|
100 |
Predictive Ability of Various Nutritional Variables for Mortality in Elderly People |
Agarwal, N et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1988, Vol 48: 1173-1178 |
No specific relative risks given, risks factor considered not relevant |
|
101 |
Nutrition and Cardiovascular Mortality in Belgium |
Joossens et al. Acta Cardiologica, Vol XLIV, 1989, No 2: 157-182 |
Data is specific to regions in Belgium, no specific relative risks given |
|
102 |
Diet and Nutrition as Influences on the Morbidity/Mortality Gap |
Kumanyika, S Annals of Epidemiology, 1993, Vol 3: 154-158 |
No specific relative risks given, risks factor considered not relevant |
|
103 |
Risk Factors for Poor Nutritional Status in Older Americans |
White, J American Family Physician, December 1991, Vol 44, No 6 |
No specific relative risks given, risks factor considered not relevant |
|
104 |
Relationship Between Fat Intake and Mortality: An Ecological Analysis in Belgium |
Staessen, L et al. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol 6, 1997 |
Non-US data |
|
105 |
What if Americans Ate Less Fat? |
Browner, W et al. JAMA, June 26 1991, Vol 265, No 24 |
No specific relative risks given; only hypothetical figues |
|
106 |
Dietary Sodium Intake and Mortality: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) |
Alderman, M et al. The Lancet, Vol 351, March 14 1998 |
Non-positive result for salt intake. |
|
107 |
Suicide Mortality Among Patients Treated for Depression in an Insured Population |
Simon, G and VonKorff American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 147, No 2, 1998 |
No specific relative risks given, risks factor considered not relevant |
|
108 |
Depression and Cancer Mortality and Morbidity: Prospective Evidence From the Alameda County |
Kaplan, G and Reynolds, P Journal of Behavioral Medicine, Vol 11, No 1, 1988 |
Almost non-positive result |
|
109 |
Major Depression and All-Cause Mortality Among White Adults in the United States |
Zheng, D et al. Annals of Epidemiology, April 1997, Vol 7 No 3 |
Drastic all-cause figures |
|
110 |
Depressive Symptoms and Mortality in Elderly Persons |
Thomas, C et al. Journal of Gerontology, 1992, Vol 47, No 2, S80-87 |
Non-significant figures for relevant factors |
|
111 |
Depression as a Risk for Cancer Morbidity and Mortality in a Nationally Representative Sample |
Zonderman, A et al JAMA, September 1 1989, Vol 262, No 9 |
Non-significant figures for relevant factors |
|
112 |
The Effect of Gender and Age at Onset of Depression on Mortality |
Philibert, R et al. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, August 1997, Vol 58: 355-360 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
113 |
Mortality in Patients With Primary Unipolar Depression, Secondary Unipolar Depression, and Bipolar Affective Disorder: A Comparison With General Population Mortality |
Black, D et al. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, Vol 17, No 4, 1987 |
Small sample size, drastic all-cause |
|
114 |
Mortality Risk of Major Depression |
Kripke, D American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 152:6, June 1995 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
115 |
Mortality Related to Sexually Transmitted Diseases in US Women, 1973 through 1992 |
Ebrahim, S et al. American Journal of Public Health, June 1997, Vol 87, No 6 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
116 |
Selected Behaviors That increase Risk for HIV Infection, Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Unintended Pregnancy Among High School Students- United States, 1991 |
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol 41, No 50, December 18 1992 |
Outdated data |
|
117 |
Condoms for Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
U.S. Department of Helth and Human Services Morbidity and Mortaliy Weekly Report, March 11 1998, Vol 37, No 9 |
No specific figures given |
|
118 |
Are Sex and Death Related? |
Batty, D British Medical Journal, Vol 316, 30 May 1998 |
No Specific figures given |
|
119 |
Sleep Apnea and Mortality in an Aged Cohort |
Bliwise, D et al. American Journal of Public Health, May 1988, Vol 78, No 5 |
Risk factors considered not relevant |
|
120 |
Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Is it a Contributing Factopr to the Sex Differential in Mortality |
Lavie, P Medical Hypotheses, Nov 1986, Vol 21, No 3 |
Risk factors considered not relevant |
|
121 |
Influence of Sex, Age, Body Mass Index, and Smoking on Alcohol Intake and Mortality |
Gronbaek, M et al. British Medical Journal, Vol 308, 29 January 1994 |
Drastic all-cause figures |
|
122 |
Marital Status, Fatness and Obesity |
Sobal, J et al. Social Science Medicine, Vol 35, No 7: 915-923, 1992 |
Interactions between factors, no specific relative risks given |
|
123 |
Mortality by Relative Weight and Exercise |
Garfinkel, L and Stellman, S Cancer, Vol 62: 1844-1850, 1988 |
Outdated data |
|
124 |
Age and Other Predictors of Coronary Heart Disease |
Leon, A Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol 19, No 2, 1987 |
Outdated data, no specific relative risks given |
|
125 |
Relation Between Blood Pressure and Stroke Mortality |
Palmer, A et al Hypertension, Vol 20, No 5, November 1992 |
All-cause mortality |
|
126 |
Alcohol and Mortality |
Berberian, K et al. European Journal of Epidemiology, 1994 |
Insufficient stratification |
|
127 |
The effects of Age and Experience on Accidents With Injuries: Should the Licencing Age be Raised? |
Labrege-Nadeau, C et al. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol 24, No 2: 107-116, 1992 |
Risk factors considered not relevant |
|
128 |
Effects of the 65 MPH Speed Limit on Injury Morbidity and Mortality |
Wagernaar, A Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol 22, No 6,:571-585 |
Risk factors considered not relevant |
|
129 |
Firearm Mortality Among Persons Aged 1 to 34 |
Statistical Bulletin, October-December 1991 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
130 |
Nutritino and Health: An Epidemiological Approach |
Kesteloot, H Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven |
No specific relative risks given |
|
131 |
Epidemiologic Studies of Diet and Cancer |
Willett, W Medical Oncology & Tumor Pharmacother, Vol 7, No 2/3: 93-97, 1990 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
132 |
Nutrition and the Variation in Level and Age Patterns of Mortality |
Gage, T and O'Connor, K Human Biology, Vol 66, No 1, 1994 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
133 |
The Mortality Associated With Depression |
Sims, A St.James University Hospital, Leeds, England |
Drastic all-cause figures |
|
134 |
Hypnotics, Sleep, and Mortality in Elderly People |
Rumble, R and Morgan, K Journal of The American Geriatrics Society, Vol 40: 787-791, 1992 |
All-cause mortality figures |
|
135 |
Mortality Risk Associated With Sleeping Patterns Among Adults |
Wingard, D and Berkman, L Sleep, Vol 6, No 2: 102-107, 1983 |
Insufficient stratification |
|
136 |
Synergistic Effects of Risk Factors |
Wilhelmsen, L Clinical and Experimental Hypertension- Theory and Practice, Part A, Vol 12, No 5: 845-863, 1990 |
Interaction of risk factors |
|
137 |
Diet, Alcohol and Hypertension |
Beilin, L Clinical and Experimental Hypertension- Theory and Practice, Part A, Vol 11, No 5&6: 991-1010, 1989 |
No specific relative risks given, does not deal directly with mortality |
|
138 |
The Influence of Cigarette Smoking on the Association Between Body Weight and Mortality. The Framingham Heart Study Revisited |
Sempos, C et al. Annals of Epidemiology, Vol 8, No 5: 289-300, July 1998 |
All-cause mortality |
|
139 |
Weight, Smoking, and Mortality |
VandenBroucke, J et al. JAMA, November 23/30 1984, Vol 252, No 20 |
All-cause mortality |
|
140 |
Cigarette Smoking, Weight Gain, and Coronary Mortality |
Fulton, J and Shekelle, R Circulation, September 2 1992, Vol 96, No 5 |
Risk factors considered not relevant |
|
141 |
Body Mass Index, Smoking, and Mortality Among Older American Women |
Fontaine, K et al. Journal of Women's Health, Vol 7, No 10, 1998 |
All-cause mortality |
|
142 |
Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and All-Cause and Cancer Mortality: A Prospective Study of Men and Women |
Kampert, J et al. Annals of Epidemiology, Vol 6, No 5: 452-457, September 1996 |
Only cancer mortality |
|
143 |
Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Risk of Dying |
Villeneuve, P et al. Epidemiology, November 1998, Vol 9, No 6 |
All-cause mortality |
|
144 |
Exercise, Fitness and Mortality |
Goldstein, M JAMA, April 18 1990, Vol 263, No 15 |
Insufficient data |
|
145 |
Perceived Health and Mortality: A Nine-Year Follow-Up of the Human Population Laboratory Cohort |
Kaplan, G and Camacho, T American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 117, No 3, 1983 |
Risk factors considered not relevant |
|
146 |
Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality in Hypertensive Men |
Blair, S et al. Annals of Medicine, Vol 23: 307-312, 1991 |
All-cause mortality |
|
147 |
Is Work Conducive to Self-Destruction |
Karcher, C and Linden, L Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, Vol 12, No 3, Fall 1982 |
Outdated data |
|
148 |
A Single Risk Factor Measurement Predicts 35-Year Mortality From Cardiovascular Disease |
Menotti, A and Giampaoli, S G Ital Cadiol, Vol 28, December 1998 |
Men only |
|
149 |
Life Table Analysis of AIDS Mortality |
Braun, R Journal of Insurance Medicine, Vol 23,No 4, Winter 1991 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
150 |
AIDS: Mortality |
Cowell, M Ninety-Sixth Annual Meeting, State Mutual Life Assurance Conpany of America |
No specific relative risks given |
|
151 |
Near Fatal Asthma and Psychopathological Characteristics: A Group-Control Study |
Barboni, E et al. Monaldi Archive of Chest Diseases, 1997, Vol 52, No 4: 339-342 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
152 |
Social Deprivation and Mortality in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus |
Robinson, M et al. Diabetic Medicine, 1998, Vol 15: 205-212 |
Non-general sample |
|
153 |
Physical Fitness, Mortality, and Obesity |
Barrow, C et al. International Journal of Obesity, 1995, Vol 19, Supplement 4: S41-S44 |
Insufficient stratification |
|
154 |
Obesity, Alcohol Consumption, Smoking, and Mortality |
Chyou, P et al. Annals of Epidemiology, May 1997, Vol7, No 4: 311-317 |
All-cause mortality |
|
155 |
Alcohol Intake, Body weight, and Mortality in a Multiethnic Prospective Cohort |
Maskarinec, G et al. Epidemiology, Vol 9, No 6, November 1998 |
Ethnic groups do no match |
|
156 |
Race or Class or Race and Class: Growing Mortality Differentials in the United States |
Navarro, V International Journal of Health Services, Vol 21, No 2: 229-235, 1991 |
No specific relative risks given |
|
157 |
Social Class and Race Disparities in Premature Stroke Mortality Among Men in North Caroline |
Casper, M et al. Annals of Epidemiology, Vol 7 No, 2: 146-153, February 1997 |
All-cause mortality |
|
158 |
Double Jeopardy: Interaction Effects of Marital and Poverty Status on the Risk of Mortality |
Smith, K and Waitzman, N Demography, Vol 31, No 3, 1994 |
Insufficient stratification |
|
159 |
Differences in Mortality From Ishemic Heart Disease by Marital Status and Social Class |
Koskenvuo, M et al. Journal of Chronic Diseases, Vol 33,: 95-106, 1980 |
Outdated classification and data |
|
160 |
Education and Occupational Social Class: Which is the More Important Indicator of Mortality Risk? |
Smith, G et al. Journal of Epidemiological Community Health, 1998, Vol 52: 153-160 |
Risk factors considered not relevant |
|
161 |
Anxiety, Depression, Physical Fitness, and All-Cause Mortality in Men |
Brill, P et al. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Vol 36, No. 3: 267-273, 1992 |
All-cause mortality |
|
162 |
Effects of Cigarette Smoking, Diabetes, High Cholesterol, and Hypertension on All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Mexican Americans |
Wei, M et al American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol 144, No 11, 1996 |
All-cause mortality, non-general sample |
|
163 |
Relationship Between Baseline Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease and Total Mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial |
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Preventive Medicine, Vol 15: 254-273, 1986 |
Men only |
|
164 |
The Role of Drinking and Smoking in Mortality From Cancer and Other Causes in Male Alcoholics |
Schmidt, W and Popham, R Cancer, May 1981, Vol 47: 1031-1041 |
Insufficient stratification |
|
165 |
The Effects of Occupation and Smoking on respiratory Diseases Mortality |
Foxman, B et al. American Rev of Respiratory Diseases, Vol 134: 649-652 |
Insufficient stratification |
|
166 |
Relations Between Occupation, Smoking, Lung Function, and Incidence And Mortality of Chronic Non-Specific Lung Disease: The Zutphen Study. |
Heederik, D et al. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1992, Vol 49: 299-308 |
Risk factors considered not relevant |
|
167 |
Life Expectancy by Employment Status, Income, and Education in the National Longituduinal Mortality Study |
Rogot, E et al. Public Health Reports, July-August 1992, Vol 107, No 4 |
Whites only |
|
168 |
Smoking and Hypertension as Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk in Population Studies |
Kannel, W and Higgins, M Journal of Hypertension, 1990, Vol 8 supplement 5: S3-S8 |
Insufficient stratification |
|
169 |
Esophageal Cancer Mortality: Relationship With Alcohol Intake and Cigarette Smoking in Italy |
Rosa, F et al. European Journal of Epidemiology, March 1988, Vol 4, No 1 |
Italy-Specific data |